After a long gestation period, the so-called Italian Sunshine Act (Act) was finally approved by Law No. 62 of May 31, 2022, setting forth provisions on transparency in relations between healthcare companies and government healthcare professionals (HCPs) and healthcare organizations (HCOs). However, it has taken almost three years for the Ministry of Health (MOH) to meet with healthcare industry associations to share its expectations on how the Act will be implemented logistically. Those expectations are surprising and significant in that companies will be required to publish the details of all transfers of value to HCPs and HCOs on an e‑registry managed by the MOH (the Transparent Healthcare Registry or Registry). In this guest article, Roberto Cursano, a partner at Willkie, reviews the trend over the last decade toward increased government transparency in Italy and how it led to the passage of the Act, what the Act requires of companies and how companies should react. See “How Foreign Companies Can Protect Themselves Against Criminal Liability in Italy” (May 13, 2020).